Criticism of Philosophers

There are many great philosophers who have had many great ideas over the centuries. These philosophers have had their ideas passed down to many people through the centuries, decades, and years. Fredric Nietzsche, Rene Decartes, and Socrates are philosophers that many philosophy students study. However, not everybody likes or agrees with these philosophers philosophies. The purpose of this paper is to provide information about the three philosophers’ lives, work, and philosophies. Also, in this paper there will be criticism of each of the philosophers.Let’s begin with a discussion of Socrates. Socrates was a Greek philosopher who taught another Greek philosopher named Plato. Even though Socrates is thought to be a great Greek philosopher, we have none of his writings. Therefore, many Greek scholars are not sure whether what is on the page is what Socrates taught Plato or Plato’s own thoughts. Socrates’ background is interesting, but now let’s talk ab out some of Socrates’ philosophical views. Derek Johnston claims that Socrates thought that there was much good in the world; however he believed that virtue was the ultimate good.Johnston goes on to claim that Socrates firmly believed that no outside source could deprive people of virtue (Johnston, 2006, 11). In short, Socrates was mostly concerned with the branch of philosophy called ethics. Socrates also firmly believed that the quest for knowledge was the most important thing and by obtaining knowledge about things is the only way people become truly virtuous. Johnston also claims that Socrates was also attempting to find the true meaning of ethical words such as â€Å"true†, â€Å"good†, and â€Å"beautiful† using the question and answer method of inquiry.He also held firm that Socrates’ main belief was that knowledge equals virtue which can and is obtained through reason. In fact, Socrates held strongly that any opinion that someone had that wasn’t based on reason should be discarded (Johnston, 2006, 11). Rene Descartes’’ philosophy seemed to be based on doubt and certainty. Decartes began to build his philosophical stance by doubting everything that could be doubted. But, even Decartes believed that there were things that couldn’t be called into question.The things that Decartes believed couldn’t be called into question were his existence and the existence of God. Decartes believed that his existence couldn’t be doubted because he was sitting down thinking about whether or not he existed, among other things. Therefore, he believed that if he doubted things then, he must exist. In other words, Decartes believed he thought therefore he was. He more famously put it as;† I think therefore I am. † The Latin for this saying is Cogito Ergo Sum (Johnston, 2006, 76).This argument is sometimes simply known as Cogito. Decartes also was a rationalist. Rationalists believe that there are things that have to be true and that there are things that have to be false. He also believed in the existence of God. His argument for the existence of God basically says that imperfect beings, which are humans, depend on their existence both beginning and continuing upon a perfect being which is God. In addition, according to Johnston, Decartes believed that minds are separate things from bodies (Johnston, 2006, 77).Both Socrates and Friedrich Nietzsche had a philosophical view that was based on ethics. Nietzsche was big on morality. He wished to locate a materialistic basis for his moral principles. At the beginning of his ethics, he believed that both good and evil were simply ways of illustrating that some actions were good for society and other actions were bad and didn’t benefit society. But, later he thought of good and evil in absolute teams (Johnston, 2006, 142). Nietzsche attacks philosophy from an ethical standpoint; however, he promoted only two sets of ethical values.One ethical value was pride in oneself and ruthlessness and philosophy, music, and poetry. Nietzsche thought there were some good ethical qualities that human beings could achieve however; he believed that all human beings could strive to get the good moral qualities but only a few exceptional human beings could actually get those good moral qualities. According to Johnston, Nietzsche’s noble man will have a cruel will and will sacrifice his fellow men. In addition, his noble man will be both disciplined and cunning in war (Johnston, 2006, 145).Nietzsche’s greatest philosophical view is called the Will to Power. Nietzsche’s Will to Power is the ultimate source of both what is and what will be for human beings. Strong people will be able to get the will to power and weaker people will not be able to get the will to power. According to Johnston, Nietzsche’s will to power allows people’s current moral judgments and values which are the moral judgments and values of society to be washed away forever. Then, and only, then can a new set of pure moral values and judgments emerge (Johnston, 2006, 147).In addition, a hero for Nietzsche is a man who rises above and beyond his fellow humans by the strength and will of his own powers be them physical or mental or both. His hero will never be sorry for his superiority; in fact he should relish and rejoice in it. Compare and Contrast It may seem as if because Socrates, Rene Decartes, and Fredric Nietzsche were born and lived at different times and in different centuries that none of these three philosophers’ philosophical views would have similarities to them. However, there are similarities to these three philosophers’ philosophies.Rest assured that there are differences in these three philosophers’ philosophies, but first let’s focus on the similarities of these three philosophers philosophical viewpoints. Both Socrates and Fredric Nietzsche su bscribe to the school of philosophy called ethics. In fact, according to Johnston, Socrates view of life centered mostly on ethics and ethical concerns (Johnston, 2006, 11). Also, both Socrates and Nietzsche tried to find the real meaning of ethical terms such as good, trust, bad, and beautiful by means of asking questions and getting answers.In fact, Socrates used the question and answer method to inquire into many moral definitions and many moral issues such as justice. Nowhere is this question and answer method of philosophical inquiry more apparent than in Plato’s dialogue called The Republic. In Plato’s dialogue The Republic through Socrates Plato explored both the definition of justice and the concept of justice itself. Plato also talked about what philosophy is and the many types of government that is used to run a state. Plato even talked about what he believed was the best form of government.Both Socrates and Nietzsche believed that there was one thing that wo uld make people virtuous. Socrates believed that possessing knowledge and Nietzsche believed that having the strength of will was the ultimate virtue. In addition, both Socrates and Nietzsche also believed that few people will ever achieve either virtue. These are the only similarities between the three philosophers Descartes, Socrates, and Nietzsche. These three philosophers had more differences between them than similarities. Let’s look at thee differences between them now.

Black People and South Africa Essay

The movie invictus portrays a very controversial issue that has been presented throughout history in many ethnic groups and is seen in societies up to these days. The apartheid is clearly pictured in the movie through many of the attitudes and actions that people take towards the other race they live in their day by day. What is more, Mandela constitutes one of the most important figures in South Africa, especially for the black race as he ? liberated them?from the apartheid. From those days Mandela has been recognized worldwide as a major symbol of the rainbow nation; a reality of distinction between the black and the white people and its establishing differe nces. In the movie, it is highly represented the context in which two different races coexist, and how such a popular sport as rugby can actually create a powerful bond between two races, stimulating a feeling of companionship and unity for the population . For instance, one of the most significant examples seen in the movie is that about the rejection towards Nelson Mandela as a color person when he was first elected as president of the republic of South Africa. The staff of the presidential house, for example started to resign at the very moment it was officially proclaimed that the new president, who had been 27 years in prison for the conflict of the segregation, was a color person. Besides all the differences the two races had in the 1990? s, such as economic standards, prohibition in public places, and extremely opposite ideologies , the Spring Boks which were the most popular rugby team, reached the goal to give an end to the Apartheid. This does not only concern the social, as well as political, and ec onomical issues, but rugby also serves as an emotional trigger to what represents the unity, compassion and sets free the passion to reinforce a country. As the Spring Boks managed to win the World Cup, which was firstly asked by the president, the country started to be a better one, a country which had day by day less and less differences between the two races that were facing each other for more than 10 years. The feeling of rejection towards being in the same room with a colour person was vanished, the passion that both ? nations? had achieved for the South African rugby team was found in each of the African member, and what is more, the strength that the country accomplished by the power that Mandela had towards his family, the South African population. The equality that had been formed between the different races was totally represented in the movie in all the aspects of the population, from the economic Maria Eugenia Traibel Senior III West Social Studies Invictus Essay position, to the social, political and ideological one. This can be demonstrated with many situations that were demonstrated in the movie Invictus. On the one hand, I could express the changes in the social aspects with a punctual situation that besides it was shown in the movie, it was a situation tha t was lived in South Africa every day, this one is associated with the prohibition of access of public places such as bathrooms, rugby and football fields, and the feeling of being in the same room with a person of a different race. The social rejection that the population felt towards the black people, and the feeling of revenge that the colour people felt towards the white ones, was such that they couldn? t speak to each other. From the ideological aspect, I could say that it was one of the aspects that were mostly shown especially through the rugby. The black people couldn? t stand or see the symbol of the spring Boks, as it represented to them the segregation, the apartheid, even the children who were given clothes as a gift because they couldn? t have them, they didn?t accept the Spring Boks t-shirts, it made them feel revenge and fear. But as Nelson fought for having a rainbow nation through the rugby, colour people started to change their minds and support their country as they didn? t do before. They lea rned to play the sport; they waved the Spring Boks flag and the South African one and also shared the passion for the game with all the African population. The distrust that the white people had towards Nelson Mandela made a twist when he went directly to the important symbol of them, the rugby. All he learned about the other culture was while he spent time in prison, the strategies that he used to make a better country all came to him with the time, and with the 27 years that he had to think while he was alone in his cell. All in all, the movie Invictus is a great demonstration of the history of apartheid that the Republic of South Africa suffered, and also how the powerful symbol of it, Nelson Mandela, fought to reach the end of it, and to reinforce the country, so they could have a rainbow nation, a nation with equality in their lives.

Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil) Using a...

Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil) Using a Fischer Esterification Reaction Zhenshu Wang (Stan) TA: Aaron League September 23, 2012 Purpose: The purpose of the experiment was to perform the acid-catalyzed Fischer Esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol to form isopentyl acetate, or banana oil, which is used in flavor industries. The equilibrium of the reaction was changed by adding an excess amount of acetic acid. The reaction was refluxed and product was purified by extraction and distillation. Isopentyl acetate was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Reaction Scheme: Mechanism: Key features of the Fischer Esterification mechanism are: a. protonation of the carbonyl group, b. the†¦show more content†¦The boiling point was 129 oC which was lower than the literature boiling point, 142 oC. Analysis by infrared spectroscopy showed the impurity (most likely CH2Cl2) containing a carbon-chlorine bond. A good yield of isopentyl acetate was obtained during this experiment. Loss of the product was likely through transferring liquid from separatory funnel to the Erlenmeyer flask and residual material left in the distillation flask. Using an organic solvent like benzene or cyclohexane as a transfer agent would improve the yield, since their boiling points were around 80 oC and could be easily separated from the final product through simple distillation. However thisShow MoreRelatedSynthesis of Isopentyl Acetate Via Fischer Esterification Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesExperiment 1: Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate via Fischer Esterification Introduction: Isopentyl acetate, banana oil, is a naturally occurring compound that has a very distinct and recognizable odor. It is most commonly found in bananas but also can be found in other organisms. The purpose of this lab was to synthesize the ester isopentyl acetate via an acid catalyzed esterification (Fischer Esterification) of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol. Emil Fischer and Arthur Speier were the pioneersRead MoreBanana Oil Synthesis Report Essays1695 Words   |  7 PagesaMicroscale Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil) Objective: Carried out the microscale synthesis of isopentyl acetate by direct esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. This was an acid catalyzed Fischer esterification. Both extraction and distillation were employed to obtain a pure product. IR spectroscopy and gas chromatography were used to determine purity of the final product. Reagents: * Compound: | * MW (g/mol): | * MP ( °C): | * BP ( °C): | * Density (g/mL):Read MoreSynthesis of Banana Flavor2281 Words   |  10 PagesSynthesis of Banana Flavor CHEMISTRY 200L EXPT 02 PAGE 01 - 11 Gerome B. Vallejos*, Ellis Mika C. Trino, Jahn Camille B. Valdez, Ariza Yamashita Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science Group 11 Corresponding author: gerome_911@yahoo.com Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize isopentyl acetate via Fischer esterification reaction between acetic anhydride and isoamyl alcohol, using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This reaction is characterized by the combiningRead MoreSynthesis Of Isopently Acetate ( Banana Oil )1072 Words   |  5 PagesSynthesis of Isopently Acetate (Banana Oil) Deborah Nyabando CHEM 2311 TA: Nicholas Serratore February 20, 2014 Purpose: The purpose of doing this experiment was to prepare isopently acetate, an ester that has a pleasant smell like that of bananas from isopently alcohol and acetic acid by the Fischer esterification reaction. Sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst. Water, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride were used to extract any impurities from the product. Simple distillation was then usedRead MoreSynthesis of Salicylic Acid and Potentiometric Determination of Its Purity and Dissociation Constant4209 Words   |  17 PagesSynthesis of Salicylic Acid and Potentiometric Determination of its Purity and Dissociation Constant ------------------------------------------------- Abstract The purpose of the study is to synthesize salicylic acid from the ester, methyl salicylate, and determine the acid’s dissociation constant and purity. The ester was converted to salicylic acid by base hydrolysis. The products were refluxed and recrystallized, to ensure maximum purity, and filtered, dried, and weighed. The melting point

Essay on Psychology and Health Problems - 1139 Words

While summarizing the multi-factorial model, many aspects included there can possibly determine different outcomes of people’s health in relation illness. The model shows how biological, environmental, behavioral, personality and social-cultural factors are imperative in relation to some of the leading causes of stress related illnesses. Most importantly, (Hoover, 2000) notes that genetic and lifestyle factors are among a few that simple answers to why some people can maintain their health, while others become ill. Most people believe that biological factors play a huge role in members of a family becoming ill. We often think that our genetic makeup will ultimately lead our health down the same paths as earlier members of our families†¦show more content†¦Coronary Heart Disease is the leading cause of death in the United States of America. With heart attacks leading the way, (American Heart Association, 2000a) the ways in which people work, exercise, etc, has much to do with their risk to develop (CHD) Coronary Heart Disease. The second is that of Cancer. Cancer has been noted as being the â€Å"number one killer in women within the United States, and the number two killer of men.† (National Cancer Society, 2001) Psychology has made an astonishing mark in understanding and managing patients that suffer with these two health problems. While psychology have suggested that adopting healthier habits will increase an individual’s risk of developing Coronary Heart Disease, there are also many other factors to consider when adopting this change. One such change would be exercising regularly, and if a smoker, stop immediately. Psychology has used such steps to assist the individual suffering from the illness, possibly to limit the short-term difficulties that the health problem most probably will bring in the long-term. There are other types of assistance that psychology offers to ill individuals in reference to Coronary Heart Disease, ano ther being avoidance of high energy job titles that many people who developed CHD currently have or have had in the past. By modifying the Type â€Å"A† behaviors of effective and on the go individuals, people could possibly reduce the risk of hypertension inShow MoreRelatedCommunity Psychology and Public Health Approaches to Social Problems1049 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Psychology and Public Health approaches to Social Problems All change, individual or collective, stems from discontent or dissatisfaction with the status quo. The same is true of mainstream Psychology. The 1940’s through to the mid 1960’s gave rise to CommunityRead MoreCommunity Psychology and Public Health Approaches to Social Problems in South Africa806 Words   |  3 PagesMy aim in this paper is to analyse community psychology and public health and distinguish between the two approaches. Community Psychology focuses on economic, environmental, political and social factors that influence the way in which people all over the world live their lives. It also touches on social factors that contribute or causes problems in various societies. Public Health on the other hand, according to Tutorial Letter 102/0/2014, is defined as being concerned with â€Å"preventing disease andRead MoreCritically Compare and Contrast Community Psychology and Public Health Approaches to Social Problems851 Words   |  4 Pagescommunity psycholog y and public health approaches to social problems. I will do this by comparing strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, as well as similarities between these approaches. To compare these two concepts, one should first have a basic understanding of the origins and historical development of community psychology and public health. According to the American Heritage Medical dictionary (www.ahdictionary.com) Community Psychology is â€Å"the application of psychology to communityRead MorePsychology : The Human Behavior And Mental Processes Through Laboratory Experiments, And Psychotherapy990 Words   |  4 Pagescrowded with many different kinds of people and professions, which form issues of how work together and live with one another. In these situations, psychology serves its purpose by creating answers to these questions. The field of psychology helps create an understanding of these problems, which increases the possibility of treatment. These careers in psychology fall into three main categories of practice: psychologist, clinical psychologist and psychiatrists. Each of these categories differs in the scopeRead MoreEssay about Examination of Clinical Psychology1197 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: EXAMINATION OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Examination of Clinical Psychology University of Phoenix PST/480 Karen Wilson Nov 14, 2011 Examination of Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology is a very important as well as popular part of the field of psychology that is used very often. To begin, a definition of clinical psychology will be included. According to APA (2009) â€Å"Clinical psychology attempts to use the principles of psychology to better understand, predict, andRead MorePyc4811 Assignment 11430 Words   |  6 PagesPYC4811 Assignment 1- 657794 Student Number- 55560296 Community Psychology and Public Health’s Approaches to Social Problems Introduction Community Psychology and Public Health models both cover the same ground but with key differences in the explanation of causes and influences on mental illness. Community psychology has a primary focus on understanding, and working with, people in their wider social context. Public Health on the other hand is concerned with preventing disease and distressRead MoreWhat is Psychology?925 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1929, psychology was defined as the study of consciousness. From about 1930 to1970, the definition of psychology changed with dealing more with the scientific study of behavior. From about 1970 on, psychology was defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. However, according to nowadays definition of psychology, it could be defined as the study of the behavior and human mind. Factors which influencing our behavior include physical, emotions, thoughts and social. It can helpRead MoreCommunity Psychology1488 Words   |  6 Pagesand contrast community psychology with the public health approach Introduction In this essay, I will critically compare and contrast community psychology and the public health model in terms of their origins, core concepts, strengths and pitfalls of each approach, similarities and differences and in what way these approaches do or do not supplement one another. Community Psychology according to The Cambridge Dictionary of Psychology is defined as â€Å"a branch of applied psychology that focuses on person-environmentRead MoreEssay on Psychologists1017 Words   |  5 Pages Psychology is the study of human behavior, how we think, feel and act. Psychologists study both normal and abnormal behavior to understand it. Psychologists also try to use what we learn from that study to help people change aspects of their behavior that they want to change. Areas of psychology are clinical, industrial, and developmental. Careers in Psychology offer varied opportunities. Employment opportunities for capable psychologists are expected to be slightly better than average over theRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Counselling, Clinical, And School Psychology1502 Words   |  7 PagesAREAS OF SPECIALIZATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN COUNSELLING, CLINICAL, AND SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY Psychology, a social science that deals with the study of behaviour and mental processes is an evolving field that has over nineteen (19) major areas of specializations. New areas are being developed and existing areas are evolving to address the needs that arise to understand human behaviour and also how adjustments can be made. Every field in psychology is designed to solve conflicts

The Reality Of The Film Industry - 985 Words

The world was once a sweet dream we so dearly held close to our hearts, but this country we now live in is only the reality we failed to see as children. Women are seen as objects, toys, things to be messed with and manipulated. What we fail to see is that we are misusing our women and victimizing them in a game society forced them to play—a game in the media. Daily, our minds are flooded with images of scantily clad women, vulgar sex scenes, and women being shamed for living their own life the way they want to live. Movies, television, and social media are platforms which serve as a hanging place for women, and where morals and judgement on what women do are taken as facts rather than opinions. Pop culture today, dictates the lives of many impressionable youth and unfortunately women are negatively spotlighted as we, as Americans, consume countless hours of media in any given day. In the film industry, for example, the striving for perfection that young girl s so desperately chase can do more harm than good. Clark addresses this issue stating â€Å"feminists worry that the overabundance of people who are perfect physical specimens in TV, movies and advertisements can damage the self-esteem of young girls† (Clark). The lack of reality portrayed in movies tells these girls that they are not good enough for themselves, that they are not up to a â€Å"standard,† that the actors and actresses on the screen don’t even live up to. With a lot of expensive makeup, lighting,Show MoreRelatedHow to effective use visual communication design in the film Visual communication is to take1700 Words   |  7 Pagesvisual communication design in the film Visual communication is to take diverse information and designs it for both print and screen based media, also from print like newspapers magazines, books and tickets to the screen like web interfaces, film titles to right through to environmental applications. Therefore, it need designer to creative thinking and an eye for detail. As an integral part of the culture, visual communication design is an exciting and growing industry where vision and creativity areRead MoreCritical Review of Andre Bazin Rudolf Arnheim Articles1331 Words   |  5 PagesThis critical review will focus on the articles of Andre Bazin [What is cinema?] (1945) and Rudolf Arnheim [From Film as Art: the complete film] (1933). Through a close reading of both articles, I intend to evaluate and compare the different concepts of cinematography based on the two different film critics’ articles from a critical point of view. These two articles highlight the same topic from different perspectives with regards to cinema and art, what they have in common and how each writer keepsRead MoreThe Pact of Hindi Films in India Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesestablished arrival of film in India and how several factors have had an influence on the Bollywood industry, the paper will now explore the pact of Hindi films in India. Through commercialization, Bollywood reinforces the idea of the importance of materialism. Throughout a film, objects are constantly being presented in some form of product placement. Rather than entertainment, Hindi films are now being used as a means for advertisement and marketing. By constantly showing films in which an actor isRead MoreCinema During The Great Depression And World War 21272 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Film Industry: perhaps no other form of artistic expression has induced the same air of life, reality, and fantasies in the minds of society. Otherwise known as Hollywood, this mass media franchise captured the minds of many when it began in the early 20 th century. Despite the dismal consequences people had to face during this era, reinstating the fantasized American values of individualism, social equality, and progress gave citizens a reason to buy a movie ticket. Influential film makersRead MoreTelevision Genre And Style Of Mockumentaries Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagestheir impacts on society itself. According to Oxford Dictionary, a mockumentary can simply be described as, â€Å"A television programme or film which takes the form of a serious documentary in order to satirize its subject† (Oxford Dictionary). More often than not, TV series will often follow this basic definition of a mockumentary as most shows seem to be based in reality but often slightly exaggerate certain elements in order to satirize whatever subject they take on. This helps explain why almost allRead MoreImpact of Indian Cinema1090 Words   |  5 Pageswith a few adjustments could be used as a projector , camera or a printing machine) declared that the cinema is an invention without a future. The primitive form of cinema were ‘ living photographic pictures’ which attempted to produce reality. If Cinema in reality was considered to be an invention without a future, it wouldn’t have ceased to exist till the present age and develop to its current stature with powerful attributes. The dawn of Indian Cinema marked its birth and development after theRead MoreParis Spleen Analysis1645 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Baudelaire’s Paris Spleen largely revolves around the struggle between reality and idealism in terms of boredom and the way it pervades reality. In many of the poems, the speaker obsesses over his fear of time and – ultimately – his own mortality. Consequently, he explores many forms of escape throughout the collection: women, intoxication, writing, and other forms of pleasure. â€Å"Be Drunk† examines the need for these distractions, stating that being drunk on anything is necessary to ignoreRead MoreThe Film Food Inc.889 Words   |  4 PagesThe film Food Inc., like many other films of its category is not so much of an informative documentary, rather more of a slanderous exposà © which blows the lid off of the food industry and its operations. To say that the film is neutral and tends towards more of an educative approach w ould be a misinterpretation to say the least. Throughout the entire movie it is always evident that the movie aims not solely to educate its audience about the truth of their food, but to convert the misinformed andRead MoreEssay on Film Realism965 Words   |  4 PagesComplete Film The introduction of sound films in the late 1920’s was a divisive issue among those involved and interested in the emerging motion picture industry. Even though it wasn’t the sudden breakthrough it is often perceived to be, the addition of sound and voice to mainstream cinema revolutionized movie making and led to conflicting viewpoints as to whether or not this innovation was a positive progression for film as an art and as an industry. While the addition of sound to films was generallyRead More Technology Film Essay867 Words   |  4 Pages Technology Film Technology has had a huge impact on the world, especially the film industry. It has had a long past and as the technology advances, it becomes more and more realistic. It all began with the first machine patented in the United States that showed animated pictures or movies. It was called the â€Å"wheel of life† or â€Å"zoopraxiscope† and was patented in 1867 by William Lincoln. Moving drawings or photographs were watched through a slit in the zoopraxiscope. However, modern

AENEAS A DEVOTED HERO Essay Example For Students

AENEAS A DEVOTED HERO Essay In Virgils Aenied, he illustrates the hero and central character, Aeneas, as a man who presents piety and duty. This human emotion piety, pietas in Latin, is duty towards family, country, and gods. Aeneas always fulfills his duty to his family, his fated city, and his gods. This piousness is what keeps him going through the grueling journeys and challenges, even when things are not going perfectly. Pietas is the characteristic that makes Aeneas stronger through each trial as he makes personal sacrifices and never wavers from his duties to his family, his country, and most of all to the gods. We will write a custom essay on AENEAS A DEVOTED HERO specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The complete devotion to Aeneas family is a commendable trait of piety. Aeneas love for his kin is exemplified in his fleeing of falling Troy. He was recalling his story to Dido about how when he realizes that there was no use fighting any longer, and that he must leave Troy; he hurries off to find his family. Once he reaches his family, he has his father, Anchises, on his shoulder, Iulus, his sons little hand in his own, and Creusa, his wife close behind as they head off for the ships. When he reaches his destination at the funeral mound, he realizes that his wife was missing. Aeneas turns back alone into the city nothing for it but to run the risks again comb of all Troy, and put his life in danger as before(975-979 II). His devotion to his wife was worth risking his life in order to bring her to safety. As he frantically searches in endless quest from door to door(1001 II) for Creusa, her ghost appeared to him and told to him that she cannot go with him because she was longer livi ng, but to go back to the family and that a special mission is ahead of him. Personal loss is a tragedy that Aeneas must face as he ventures on to reach is fate. His pious personality is the characteristic that saves his family and leads him on his journey to the future founding of Rome. Every battle that Aeneas fights, is a battle fought for his country. In book II, during his recollection of the end of Troy, he tells Dido that even though he was told to flee, he did stay back for a short while and fought. The reason for this action could be that he could not stand to see the destruction of his home. After his escape of Troy, Aeneas endures journey after journey of unsuccessfulness. His pieta here is what kept him going through the grueling time. As he was telling his heartfelt story to the queen, Dido, she was falling helplessly in love with Aeneas. During the stay at Carthage, the love between Dido and Aeneas bloomed. The stop at the city turns into a yearlong settlement. Jove, ruler of the gods, began to get angry because Aeneas is not fulfilling his destiny. He sends out his messenger to scold Aeneas and remind him that he has duties to accomplish. Aeneas must now choose between his fate or his love for Dido. As he fought down his emotion for Dido, Aeneas makes the decision to carry out the gods instruction. After making the personal sacrifice of losing Dido to the future of Rome, Aeneas exemplified that he is worthy of the term piety. After he leaves Carthage, he eventually arrives at Cumae where at battle against the Italians breaks out. During the fighting, Aeneas kills many enemies, but one incident glorifies his piety to his country. As he was fighting young Lausus, the drove his tough sword through the young mans body,(1142 X) the death on his pale face made Aeneas grown in profound pity and rung his heart(1151-1152). After he kills Lausus, Aeneas faces Mezentius, the young dead soldiers father, and was driven to slay him too. Aeneas kills the father and son duo with pity in his heart as he fights for his country. He does his duty, to fight for his destiny with devoutness to his gods. Aeneas duty to the gods exemplifies his piousness. Through his journeys and challenges, he prays to his gods and asks for blessing. He has total devoti on to the gods maybe because of his half divine. With Venus as his mother, she always watches over him, intervenes with trouble to help out her son. In book III, Aeneas prays at a shrine of Apollo for a home and walls(117-118 III) for his weary men. As Aeneas stay in the home and walls of Carthage, Mercury sent by Jupiter, reminds him that he must remember his fate, and that he should leave immediately. Knowing that he will hurt Dido and leave his happiness, he is being dutifully follow the words of Mercury, who represents the Jove. While following the gods command in Cumae, Aeneas spoke out his vows(236 XII) to the almighty Father, and his lady-thou, Saturnia, more kindly to us goddess, now, I pray; and thou, too, famous Mars,(239-243 XII) and calls on springs and streams, and all the powers both of high heaven and the deep blue sea.(244-245 XII) Even during the suspense of his battle with the Italians, he glorifies the gods and prays for peace to come. Aeneas displays piety to the gods at times of battle and war. His duty and devotion to the gods leads him to the victory over the Italians and to the land. Aeneas victory at the end venerates his piousness. His ability to keep going through endless heartaches and disappointments strengthens him as a hero and as a leader. This admirable trait is shown through the love he has for his family, the devotion of reaching his fate of finding the new city, and the duty to his gods as he ventures through his mission. His pietas was confirmed when he put aside his heart to comply with the wills of the gods. Virgil idealizes Aeneas as a model of great leadership, firm on his beliefs, but also a compassionate person. He is a symbol of the great Roman virtues of pietas. .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a , .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a .postImageUrl , .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a , .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a:hover , .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a:visited , .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a:active { border:0!important; } .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a:active , .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ued92e133e81b4cdec3d543a3ccd49c9a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Affirmative Action - History EssayBibliography:

Race and your community an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Race and your community Introduction I am a 54-year-old Caucasian male currently based in Afghanistan where I am working as an independent contractor. Before changing base, I resided in Clearwater, Florida where I served at the Pinellas country sheriffs office until I retired. From a career viewpoint, I would say I have vast experience in law enforcement and the military as I have spent forty-three years of my life building on this career path. The remaining thirteen years I have spent in the reserves. This paper will analyze factual and current situation on community relations in Afghanistan from a personal account Need essay sample on "Race and your community" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The human interaction in Afghanistan have been strained particularly the relationship between Americans and the Afghanis tans. Perhaps the perpetrating factor behind this racial discrimination is the September 11 terrorist attack and the response of the United States government in the United States led attack against Taliban and al Qaeda forces. I have had first hand experience of racism on a few occasions, which I shall share in subsequent paragraphs. The community around me is comprised of Afghanistan Sunni and Shia who are predominantly Muslim by religion. The Afghanis are white skinned and dark haired. They look like Asians and it is not hard to distinguish an American from an Afghani. I have blonde hair and grey eyes. I suppose these features make the standout form the Afghanistan crowd. While this distinction is a desirable and helpful attribute in life, here in Afghanistan it works to my disadvantage. The community around me is known for racial intolerance as the Afghanis usually look down upon other races. Profiling based on race is rampant and incidences of assaults and muggings motivated by racial intolerance are the order of the day. The racial discrimination so badly affects my community such that, afghans do not share the same facilities such as; cinemas, hospitals and even educational institutions with the racial minorities. Such segregation is also very evident in schools and in the transport sector as well as in get ting employment opportunities. (Brown, N. 2001). The situation worsened to such high levels recently such that it became very popular to see outbursts and conflicts between people of different races fight in public. In Afghanistan, there are no community leaders but representatives in there place. The representatives in my community are especially hostile to people like me. Allow me to digress from the subject shortly, but it is funny that I should say people like me because it is indeed subjective. I often wonder, what is the color of a person or the texture of his hair? Are we not all human beings with red warm blood flowing in our veins regardless of color or race? As I was saying, my community representatives are not friendly. One encounter I had with leader in my community left me baffled. Last month, I needed to transport some cargo from my workplace to a reserve a few kilometers away. I decided to use a chartered flight as it was the easier option. At the airport, the custom officers did not want to listen to me. I offered them some money to speed up the process but they would not hear me out. I was asked to seek a letter of recognition from the local leader whom I went to but turned me down. It seems that the image they got from their media about us often were of people who are dangerous to live with therefore should be stunned. My convincing proved fruitless, I had to transport my cargo by road, and it was not a good experience. The other members of the community have mixed reactions about foreigners in their country. Others tend to be xenophobic while others are friendly. The xenophobic usually show outright contempt and dislike of foreigners. They fear that we, read foreigners, have come into their country to take away their resources and jobs. Interestingly, xenophobia and racism are terms that used interchangeably and in my case I fail draw a line of distinction. Whenever I visit any state office where leaders are from my race they are quick to serve me. However, I must admit that whenever I visit offices or departments where leaders are from another race, I get a rude treatment. It is like, a payback time for them. This is disgusting in that it is as if the issue of racial discrimination is a vicious cycle, which never ends. People revenge in all manner of ways whenever they get an opportunity to. Another incident that perplexed me was a time I run out of cartridge for my photocopy machine. I had to get some more cartridge and fast. Being a holiday, most shops were closed. (Harrison, F. V. 2005).The only nearby shop was in an interior location dominated by Afghans community. I decided to rush there despite warnings from my American friends. The people in that village looked at me coldly as though I had three eyes. I felt uncomfortable and I left, without the purchase. Racial tensions in Afghanistan between sub ethnic groups and foreigners have sharply increased compared to the past three past decades. Incidences of racial and ethnic discrimination were few and demonstrations by the racial and ethnic minorities fighting for their rights were incidents that were unheard. Racial ethnic minorities have been for a very long time, been sidelined and discriminated in job opportunities and other spheres of life by the majority the dominant tribe, the Pashtun. However, in the major towns all races have in the recent past improved in terms of their interracial relations with the Pashtuns who had previously been discriminating the racial ethnic minorities beginning to realize the importance of mutual racial ethnic coexistence as well as the importance of racial equality. Evidence of improved interracial relations in my community is demonstrated by; the fact that, any member of the community can now access goods and services such as job employment, public fac ilities in any major city. However, in the reserves racial discrimination persists although in a salient manner. I feel that the media has a great challenge ahead of it in order to abolish this pointless war completely. However, the two cases are above are not to conclude that all members of the community are hostile to foreigners like me. I wish to clarify that I have had fulfilling interactions with some community members I have business partners who are Afghanis and they treat me as one of them. They help me network with others and this has helped my contractual work easy. In another incident, a friend of mine reported a case to the law enforcers he was told it would be investigated but nothing actually took place. The only reasonable conclusion as to why the police never acted is the fact that my friend was an African American. As I interviewed my friend, it emerged that, the feeling amongst majority of the racial minorities is that, the interracial relations in the Afghanistan community still need to be addressed, as there are many racial minorities community members who are still discriminated against by the authorities and especially the police department. The media is a powerful tool and in the past, many problems have been solved or corrected using this tool. By educating people on ills that degenerate society, the media narrows the gap created on racial lines. The media in Afghanistan tries to represent us fairly and I believe their level of professionalism is commendable. Radio stations and televisions usually host people to talk about racism and the ills associated with it. The newspaper also publishes articles on the subject. By raising the awareness among people, it helps to dispel myths and beliefs that perpetrate racism and over the recent past, I have seen positive change in the interactions between the community members and foreigners. There are similarities between the people in leadership positions and we foreigners are that we both are value peace in Afghanistan. Foreign investors such as me are interested in peace since our businesses flourish in peaceful atmosphere. On the other hand, the leadership is duty bound to enforce peace within the country. This common interest should be the unifying factor between us. The key differences between us foreigners and the leadership is purely that of race. I fail to understand why humanity chooses to be so shallow in our interrelations and thus un-accommodative of others. If I could resolve any inequities within my community a leader in my community, I would put in place the following measures to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination, which continues to threaten the peaceful coexistence of members of my community. My winning strategy would involve ensuring a discrimination-free community. I would set up a special committee comprising of members from all races to investigate all cases and allegations of racial discrimination reported in my community. I would also start programs that would aim at creating public awareness in learning institutions and other institutions where racism is rampant in Afghanistan. I would also change our perceptions about ourselves as the human race. This is because it is the first step towards addressing this vice called racism. In order to change peoples attitudes, I would start sensitization programs through holding brainstorming meetings with other community representatives, holding an open day event, which brings about all community members from all races to allow all community members an opportunity to freely express themselves. I would liaise with the media and urge the media to broadcast balanced coverage that promotes positive interracial relations. (Kivel, P 2002) There are not enough laws to protect the racial minorities from discrimination. As a result, the problem persists mainly due to the fact that, community members in Afghanistan have yet to change their negative attitudes and stereotypes they hold towards members of other races. Conclusion Human interrelations have indeed been racialised. The twenty first century does not have any place for racial discrimination and it is a high time that, members of my community and leadership realized that, there is a lot of potential in cultural diversity and therefore we should coexist peacefully. Fighting racism is not a one mans show and community members and representatives in Afghanistan should put every effort in the fight against elimination of all forms of discrimination in the community. References Harrison, F. V. (2005) Resisting Racism and Xenophobia: Global Perspectives on Race, Gender, and Human Rights. Rowman Altamira Kivel, Paul (2002) Uprooting Racism: How White People Can Work for Racial Justice New Society Publishers Brown, N. (2001). Measuring self-perceived racial and ethnic discrimination in a social survey. Sociological Spectrum 21